On average, the new car has dozens of computers that control everything from airbags and brake systems to a light alarm and a multimedia entertainment system. Nevertheless, when someone talks about the computer’s computer, they probably refer to the engine control unit (ECM or ESUD). ECM is usually the most powerful (and expensive) microcontroller in the vehicle. This engine control unit, also known as the module, determines where to install the throttle, how much fuel is injected into the cylinders, and when to ignite the combustible mixture by supplying voltage to the spark plug. In many vehicles, this controller also regulates the distribution of electricity, ensures the diagnosis of on -board, and communicates with a number of other automobile systems to exchange information that it receives from various sensors.
Automobile. Electronic engine control, scheme
The engine control modules accept data from a wide range of analog sensors, digitize this information and use it to calculate the correct engine settings. The results of these calculations are transformed into the executive mechanism of settings, and as digital and analog exits from the module are used to control these performing mechanisms. The scheme below shows some of the primary sensors and the executive mechanisms used by the engine control module. The cars of the early 80-90s did not have an engine control modules, these cars today would not be able to satisfy the modern efficiency of the use of fuel and toxicity of the exhaust gases without them. Improvements in the engine control algorithms, data collection and data transfer is still one of the main reasons why cars are more efficient and less polluting the environment with each new model row produced every year.
Some vehicles allow the driver to compromise between power and fuel saving, simply activating the switch that makes ECM run various engine control subprograms. There are also various programmable ESMs who give motorists more control over how their engine will work in various situations.
Today, ECM usually use 32-bit microcontrollers with several megabytes of RAM with a clock frequency of 32 MHz to 100 MHz. As a rule, they are associated with other electronic modules using one or more tire CAN interfaces. In cases where the engine control function and the transmission control function are combined in the same module, this module is usually called the PCM power control module.
Sensors: pedal position sensor, throttle position sensor, oil temperature sensor in the engine, oxygen sensor, air temperature induction sensor, EGR sensor, oil pressure sensor, fuel level sensor, speed sensor, Torment sensor, detonation sensor, air flow sensor, air flow sensor, air flow sensor, air flow sensor, air flow sensor, air flow sensor, air flow sensor The crankshaft position sensor, the distribution shaft position sensor, absolute pressure sensor, coolant temperature sensor.
Contractors (actuators): fuel nozzles, lighting candle, EGR valve, fuel tank ventilation, fan, starter, throttle drive, engine backlight lamp (Cheskk) and other electric motors.
Data transmission channels: CAN Tire (can also be used to communicate Flexray and/or Lin Tire).
Manufacturers of electronic control units: Acdelco, AEM, AFS, Bosch, Cardone, Continental, Delphi, Denso, Econtrols, Electromotive, Fujitsu Ten, Haltech, Hitachi, Hyundai Kefico, Keihin, LI Feracing, Magneti Marelli, Mitsubishi Electric, Motec, Performance Electronics, Pi Innovo, Steyr, Visteon, Woodward, Westport.